Diwali, often referred to as Deepavali, is one of the most celebrated festivals in India and among Indian communities worldwide. Known as the Festival of Lights, it marks the victory of light over darkness and good over evil. This vibrant celebration is rich in tradition, cultural significance, and joy, bringing together family, friends, and communities in a shared sense of festivity and reverence. In this blog, we will delve into the history, traditions, and contemporary celebrations of Diwali, exploring why it continues to hold such a special place in people’s hearts.
What is the history of Diwali festival?
Diwali’s roots can be traced back to ancient India and is deeply intertwined with various historical and mythological stories. The festival has its origins in Hinduism but is also celebrated by Jains, Sikhs, and Buddhists, each attributing their own unique significance to the occasion.
In Hindu mythology, this festival is primarily associated with the return of Lord Rama to his kingdom of Ayodhya after a 14-year exile, during which he defeated the demon king Ravana. This event is celebrated as the triumph of good over evil and is depicted through the lighting of oil lamps (diyas) and fireworks. The story of Rama’s return, as narrated in the epic Ramayana, emphasizes the values of righteousness and virtue.
For Jains, Diwali marks the attainment of nirvana by Lord Mahavira, the founder of Jainism. The festival symbolizes the triumph of light (knowledge) over darkness (ignorance). Sikhs celebrate Diwali as the day Guru Hargobind Ji, the sixth Sikh Guru, was released from imprisonment and returned to Amritsar. For Buddhists, particularly the Newar Buddhists of Nepal, Diwali is celebrated as the victory of Emperor Ashoka’s conversion to Buddhism and his promotion of peace and harmony.
Why is Diwali called the Festival of Lights?
Diwali is called the Festival of Lights due to its deep-rooted symbolism and traditions that revolve around the theme of light triumphing over darkness. Here are some key reasons:
1. Victory of Good Over Evil: Diwali celebrates the victory of good over evil, as illustrated in various legends across Hinduism. The most prominent story is the return of Lord Rama to Ayodhya after defeating the demon king Ravana. The people of Ayodhya lit oil lamps (diyas) to welcome him back, symbolizing the victory of light (goodness) over darkness (evil).
2. Spiritual Enlightenment: Light is a metaphor for knowledge and spiritual enlightenment. During Diwali, lighting lamps represents the dispelling of ignorance and the welcoming of wisdom and truth.
3. Triumph of Light Over Darkness: The festival marks the end of the dark fortnight of the lunar month, leading into a period of increasing daylight. This physical lightening of the days is mirrored by the lighting of lamps, candles, and fireworks during Diwali.
4. Tradition of Illumination: Homes, temples, and public spaces are adorned with rows of lamps, candles, and electric lights, creating a bright and joyous atmosphere. This illumination is believed to invite prosperity and ward off evil spirits.
5. Symbol of Hope and Joy: The lights of Diwali also symbolize hope, happiness, and the renewal of life. The festival encourages people to start anew with positivity and optimism, leaving behind the darkness of the past.
These elements collectively contribute to Diwali being known as the Festival of Lights, celebrated with great enthusiasm across India and by millions around the world.
Preparations and Traditions
The preparations for Diwali are as exciting as the festival itself. The celebration lasts for five days, with each day having its own significance and set of traditions. The festival typically begins with Dhanteras, followed by Naraka Chaturdashi (also known as Choti Diwali), Diwali, Govardhan Puja, and ends with Bhai Dooj.
1. Dhanteras:
The first day of Diwali, Dhanteras, marks the beginning of the festival and is dedicated to celebrating wealth and prosperity. On this day, people clean and decorate their homes and purchase new items, especially gold, silver, and utensils, believing that these purchases bring good fortune. Homes are adorned with rangoli (intricate patterns made from colored powders or flower petals) at the entrance to welcome the goddess Lakshmi, who is associated with wealth and prosperity.
2. Naraka Chaturdashi:
The second day, Naraka Chaturdashi, also known as Choti Diwali, commemorates the victory of Lord Krishna over the demon Narakasura. It is a day of purification, and people take early morning baths, apply new clothes, and light lamps to drive away darkness. The celebrations often include small firecrackers and sweets.
3. Diwali:
The third day is the main Diwali celebration, marked by the worship of Goddess Lakshmi. Families gather for elaborate meals, exchange gifts, and light diyas and candles. Homes and public spaces are brightly illuminated with lights and fireworks. The ritual of Lakshmi Puja involves offering prayers to the goddess for prosperity and well-being. Traditional sweets such as ladoos, barfis, and jalebis are prepared and shared among family and friends.
4. Govardhan Puja:
The fourth day of Diwali is celebrated as Govardhan Puja or Annakut, which commemorates the lifting of the Govardhan Hill by Lord Krishna to protect the villagers from torrential rains. On this day, devotees prepare a large variety of vegetarian dishes and offer them to Lord Krishna, symbolizing abundance and gratitude.
5. Bhai Dooj:
The final day of Diwali is Bhai Dooj, a festival dedicated to celebrating the bond between brothers and sisters. Sisters apply a tilak (a ceremonial mark) on their brothers’ foreheads and pray for their long life and prosperity. In return, brothers give gifts and pledge to protect their sisters.
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Modern Celebrations and Adaptations
In the contemporary world, Diwali has evolved beyond its traditional roots, becoming a global festival celebrated with enthusiasm across different cultures. The festival’s charm lies in its ability to blend ancient traditions with modern practices, making it a vibrant and inclusive celebration.
1. Global Celebrations:
As the Indian diaspora has spread across the globe, Diwali has gained recognition and popularity in various countries. In places like the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and beyond, Diwali events often include cultural performances, food festivals, and community gatherings. Public spaces and landmarks are often illuminated to mark the occasion, symbolizing the universal appeal of the festival.
2. Eco-Friendly Practices:
In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on celebrating Diwali in an environmentally friendly manner. With concerns about pollution from firecrackers and waste from single-use decorations, many people are opting for eco-friendly alternatives. This includes using biodegradable materials for decorations, opting for quieter and less polluting firecrackers, and focusing on sustainable practices in food preparation and waste management.
3. Digital Celebrations:
The advent of technology has also transformed how Diwali is celebrated. Virtual gatherings, online shopping for gifts, and social media sharing have become an integral part of the festival. Families separated by distance can connect through video calls and share their celebrations with loved ones, bridging the gap between tradition and modernity.
Conclusion
Diwali is more than just a festival; it is a celebration of life, hope, and the enduring spirit of togetherness. Its significance transcends cultural and religious boundaries, embodying the universal values of light, knowledge, and joy. Whether through traditional rituals or modern adaptations, the essence of this festival remains the same: a reminder of the triumph of good over evil, the importance of family and community, and the joy of sharing happiness with others.
As we celebrate this festival, let us embrace its timeless message and spread the light of joy, compassion, and unity. Whether lighting diyas, sharing sweets, or exchanging gifts, each act of celebration is a tribute to the festival’s rich heritage and enduring spirit. Happy Diwali to all, may your lives be illuminated with happiness, prosperity, and peace!
